Determination of Proteins Using Biuret and Lowry Assay Techniques Essay

Assurance of Proteins Using Biuret and Lowry Assay Techniques - Essay Example Protein measure is basic in the investigation of horticultural, modern and biotechnological items. As contended by Bama et al. (2010), it is likewise significant for research particularly in examination of proteins, lectins and antibodies. This paper covers two sorts of measures utilized in quantitating complete proteins. These incorporates the biuret and lowry methods. Biuret examine, which is the least touchy measure is among the coulometric strategies (Quereshi et al. 2010). It is for the most part utilized because of its straightforwardness and less powerlessness to substance obstruction. The test is subject to polypeptide chelation of cupric iron in solid soluble base. As per Mizuta et al. (2005), most biuret examines are utilized in tests containing 1 to 10mg protein/ml, which is then weakened five-overlap by different reagents to frame profound purple shading. Then again, the Lowry strategy is a colorimetric test that depends on folin-ciocalteau reagent and cupric particles of phenolic gatherings (Muyonga, Cole and Duodu, 2004). It is a mainstream protein estimation technique despite the fact that profoundly powerless to perceiving aggravates that meddle and mutilate dissolvability of insoluble proteins. The measure begins with copper particle complex that has peptide securities, which are balanced out by tartrate in basic condition well known as biuret chromophore. Gornall, Bardawill and David (1949) brought up that biuret response is decreased under basic states of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Copper particles are utilized to upgrade the decrease procedure. Notwithstanding, the rule chromogenic bunches comprise of the peptide linkages that decreased blue molybdotungstates, which catalyzes polar amino acids, tyrosine and tryptophan. In any case, the affectability of this test depends on protein piece and results of synthetic substances response coming about to the heteropolymolybdenum blue arrangement in the wake of being in absorbance state of around 750nm , a frequency that is out of scope of many meddling hues (Layne, 1957). In these two analyses, the fundamental law of light ingestion, prominently knows as Beer-Lambert law is utilized to clarify the straight connection between protein (collagen) fixation and absorbance (Cliche, Amiot and Avezard, 2003). The yield of collagen is determined utilizing the accompanying lines condition: Y=(VxC)/W Where; Yis the yield of collagen in mg/g Vis the volume of collagen arrangement in ml C is the convergence of the inferred arrangement in mg/ml Wis the lyophilized load in g Materials utilized: 1. Protein test of obscure fixation 2. Standard BSA 3. Refined water 4. Lowry reagent 5. Test tubes 6. Name 7. Test tube rack 8. Pipettes 9. Pipette bulb 10. Vortex blender 11. Spectrophotometer 12. Cuvettes 13. Gelatin : 100â µg cm-3 14. Globulin: 100â µg cm-3 15. egg whites: 200â µg cm-3 Methods Lowry Technique: Procedure: 1. Get ready examples with up to 100 ?g of protein 2. Name the 9 test tubes a s (1 to 10) and spot them in a test tube rack. 3. Include water as gave in the directions. 4. Get ready weakened Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the Assay Mix. 5. Include 0.5cm3 of the protein answer for tubes (2 to 10). 6. Add gelatin answer for tube 7 and 8 as it were. 7. At that point add 2.5cm3 of arrangement D to each cylinder and blend well and leave the blend at room temperature for around 10 minutes.

Nolo (Irregular Latin Verb) Definition and Use

Nolo (Irregular Latin Verb) Definition and Use Nolo, nolle, nolui - to wish not to Nolo is a significant action word on the grounds that the basic is utilized to shape negative orders. To state dont in Latin, you utilize the basic of nolo. Demonstrative PresentSingular1 - nolo2 - non vis3 - non vultPlural1 - nolimus2 - non vultis3 - noluntIndicative ImperfectSingular1 - nolebam2 - nolebas3 - nolebatPlural1 - nolebamus2 - nolebatis3 - nolebantIndicative FutureSingular1 - nolam2 - noles3 - noletPlural1 - nolemus2 - noletis3 - nolent Basic PresentSg. 2. noliPl. 2. noliteFutureSg. 2. what's more, 3. nolitoPl. 2. nolitotePl. 3. nolinto Subjunctive Present Singular1 - nolim2 - nolis3 - nolitPlural1 - nolimus2 - nolitis3 - nolint Subjunctive Imperfect Singular1 - nollem2 - nolles3 - nolletPlural1 - nollemus2 - nolletis3 - nollent Infinitive Present nolleParticiple Present nollens, entis Malo and Nolo depend on Volo: malo magis volo and nolo non/ne volo Unpredictable Latin Verbs Eo - to goFio - to becomeVolo - to wishnolo, nolle, nolui to be reluctant and malo, malle, malui to favor are similar.Sum - to beDo - to giveFero - to carryEdo - to eat

Ellyday by Helen Oyeyemi

Ellyday is around two kin, Sophie and Elly. The story happens in Elly’s room one cold Sunday morning, four days before Christmas. Sophie strolled into Elly’s room, since she was stressed over her sister Elly, who is extremely thin and she needed to chat with her. While Sophie attempted to make sense of, how to ask Elly to pull her jumper up, Elly needed to tune in to a CD. Elly wouldn’t pull her jumper up and said to Sophie that she was just going to get angry.Then they examined Elly’s weight and appearance and Elly said that she thought Sophie’s issue is truth be told, that Elly is currently as thin as Sophie. After that Elly began to cry revolting and sank to the floor. Sophie revealed to Elly that she can’t see appropriately how she can think it’s justified, despite all the trouble, however Elly recently addressed that Sophie didn’t truly care and that she saw it occurring. Sophie additionally revealed to Elly that she was re ally wiped out and required assistance and that it is astute to converse with somebody. Right now Elly tuned in to her sister and asked her when it’s alright to die.Sophie got stunned and understood that she didn’t know this individual any longer. Elly expand on her inquiry regarding on the off chance that it was alright beyond words you’ve ever kissed a kid, or ever been adored, or anything like that. While Sophie would clarify that it was not alright beyond words, simply quit talking and gazed overflowing overpowered, in light of the fact that Elly had pulled up her jumper. Sophie and Elly are young people and I imagine that Sophie is the most established of them. Elly has a dietary problem and is exceptionally thin and resembles a scarecrow. She has feathery earthy colored hair and releasing, dead earthy colored eyes.She’s generally a quiet young lady, yet when Sophie speaks straightforwardly about Elly’s slimness, she goes into self-protection. Elly had no power over her words and falter wavers over each word that came out from her mouth. It’s difficult for Elly to talk plainly and adjusted, without a slur. She had fair skin tone and shaking hands because of her slimness. She wears loose garments and stuff that way so individuals can’t perceive how slight she is. Elly was fat previously and has a genuine mental issue. She doesn’t feel well inside and poses inquiries like how it’s alright amazing when it will be a shame.It appears as though that Elly feels she’s bombed her sister, since she said to Sophie that she had seen what was going on with Elly and that she didn’t care. Elly battled to stand up, talk and things like that. She’s exceptionally powerless yet steadfast, and wouldn’t pull her jumper up for her sister. In any case, toward the finish of the story Sophie gets a shock. Sophie is the elder sibling, and she feels an obligation over Elly. She’s stres sed over Elly yet in addition extremely clear in the language. She constrained herself to sound peevish over Elly, as she had so often before when they were younger.She taken steps to quit addressing Elly in the event that she didn’t do what Sophie said. Sophie carries on like a bossy kind, similar to who consistently instructed Elly, to ensure her younger sibling. I don’t like the finish of the story; since we don’t comprehend what occurred after Elly pulled her jumper up. We don’t know h ow Sophie responded and why Elly had discussed when it was alright incredible. I would give it my best shot to keep anything from happening to my companions. Climate it was drugs, drinking, dietary issues or over eating. I wouldn’t leave them. What are companions for? Kinship for me isn’t pretty much having fun.It’s about taking the great and awful with one another. In the event that I were an adolescent I would most likely get guidance from some mo re seasoned smarter individual who is increasingly knowledgeable about existence. From that point I would trust the best for them and let them realize they have my help in the event that they need me, in light of the fact that occasionally it’s not going to instruct them and such it’s progressively about help. Obviously you need to reveal to them that what they’re doing isn’t great and aiding, however not being bossy. Remember they didn’t consistently do this to themselves by no explanation, so make sense of the explanation and afterward help them through it.

The Identity of Thomas Pynchon :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Identity of Thomas Pynchon   The personality of Thomas Pynchon is as slippery as the clingy, complex trap of which means woven into his composition. As America's generally acclaimed shrouded creator, Pynchon produces works which all the while manage issues of vanishing and significance, of personality and nothingness in a manner that bewilders a few and pleasures others. He addresses the world from his imperceptible lectern, holing up behind a drapery of secrecy that securely camouflages his character from according to pundits and fans the same. Without an open writer nearness, perusers are compelled to determine the personality of the creator rather from the creator's genuine works. While looking for the character of Pynchon, and surely the thought of personality itself, the books of Thomas Pynchon offer an intriguing beginning stage.   Inquiries of character and importance are covered underneath a shroud of trick in The Crying of Lot 49, Pynchon's subsequent novel and his briefest. All through the novel there are grabs of concealed plans and baffling plans; it is a world run by Pierce Inverarity, a character who is dead when the novel opens yet stays a functioning nearness all through the work. This appears to accommodate Pynchon's circumstance rather pleasantly as the spooky mediator of a worn out world, driving his principle character Oedipa Maas on a journey for which means while indiscriminately grabbing for pieces of information about a conspiratorial mail framework referred to just as the Trystero. Oedipa's mission reverberates the journey of everybody; she wants for a personality that bodes well inside the system of her world. Thomas Pynchon, by eradicating himself from the open circle, is questing for personality in his own directly through his compositions, letting Mrs. Maas do the looking for him.   Little is thought about Pynchon's life, and nobody who realizes him is by all accounts ready to add to the miniscule heap of data as of now accessible about him. His latest distributed photo goes back to 1953. Starting toward the start, he was conceived on May 8, 1937 in Glen Cove, New York. He went to Cornell University and got a degree in English in 1959. He worked at Boeing Company in Seattle as a specialized essayist until his first novel V. showed up in 1963 (Gray 70). Starting there ahead, Pynchon disappeared from the open eye. Data about any piece of Pynchon's life after V. The Identity of Thomas Pynchon :: Biography Biographies Essays The Identity of Thomas Pynchon   The character of Thomas Pynchon is as slippery as the clingy, complex trap of which means woven into his composition. As America's generally popular concealed creator, Pynchon produces works which all the while manage issues of vanishing and importance, of personality and nothingness in a manner that bewilders a few and enjoyments others. He addresses the world from his imperceptible podium, holing up behind a drapery of secrecy that securely camouflages his character from according to pundits and fans the same. Without an open writer nearness, perusers are compelled to determine the personality of the creator rather from the creator's genuine works. While looking for the personality of Pynchon, and in reality the thought of character itself, the books of Thomas Pynchon offer a fascinating beginning stage.   Inquiries of character and significance are covered underneath a shroud of trick in The Crying of Lot 49, Pynchon's subsequent novel and his briefest. All through the novel there are grabs of concealed plans and strange plans; it is a world run by Pierce Inverarity, a character who is dead when the novel opens yet stays a functioning nearness all through the work. This appears to accommodate Pynchon's circumstance rather pleasantly as the spooky mediator of a worn out world, driving his primary character Oedipa Maas on a journey for which means while indiscriminately grabbing for intimations about a conspiratorial mail framework referred to just as the Trystero. Oedipa's mission resounds the journey of everybody; she wants for a personality that bodes well inside the system of her world. Thomas Pynchon, by deleting himself from the open circle, is questing for personality in his own directly through his works, letting Mrs. Maas do the looking for him.   Little is thought about Pynchon's life, and nobody who realizes him is by all accounts ready to add to the miniscule heap of data as of now accessible about him. His latest distributed photo goes back to 1953. Starting toward the start, he was conceived on May 8, 1937 in Glen Cove, New York. He went to Cornell University and got a degree in English in 1959. He worked at Boeing Company in Seattle as a specialized essayist until his first novel V. showed up in 1963 (Gray 70). Starting there ahead, Pynchon disappeared from the open eye. Data about any piece of Pynchon's life after V.

Gatsby Essay Research Paper Similarities between Characters free essay sample

Gatsby Essay, Research Paper Similitudes between Fictional characters in the Story and Fitzgerald Like the characters in his novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald carry on with an exorbitant life during the Jazz Age in which he celebrated troublesome, not used to his newly discovered riches. Fitzgerald simply expounded on the things that such a large number of American s had found out about however neer been to ; Parties on East Egg with free fluxing intoxicant, or bootlegging spirits. Fitzgerald s encounters would non hold been the equivalent on the off chance that it wasn T for things that were going on in the 1920 s ; Prohibition, and a lifting securities exchange with no bang in site. Denial made it so individuals like Gatsby could go moguls simple by bootlegging intoxicant. Fitzgerald lived what he composed. F. Scott Fitzgerald was conceived on September 24, 1897 and was brought up in St. Paul, Minnesota. In spite of being a mean student Fitzgerald got into Princeton. Fitzgerald was around a similar age as the majority of the of import characters in the novel. We will compose a custom paper test on Gatsby Essay Research Paper Similarities between Characters or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Scratch Carraway was from Minnesota exorbitantly and was taught at an Ivy League school ( Yale ) . In the wake of holding issue at Princeton Fitzgerald enrolled in the ground powers in 1917. Scratch battled during World War I and Jay Gatsby had one time been creating to be an official. Scratch is straightforward and will in general confine his conclusions. # 8220 ; Everyone associates himself with in any event one of the focal virtuousnesss, and this is mine: I am one of only a handful scarcely any genuine individuals that I have ever known, # 8221 ; Nick said about himself. While positioned in Alabama Fitzgerald meets a lovely multi year-old named Zelda Sayre. Zelda holds off their pre-marriage ceremony until Fitzgerald is wealthier. Gatsby meets Daisy while being an official yet he doesn t get the chance to get hitched her, she advised Gatsby to hang tight for her however she doesn t keep up her promise and weds Tom Buchanan. Like Nick, Gatsby moves to the East after World War I. The characters in the account darnel on their accomplices much of the time which causes me to trust Fitzgerald conceivably did with Zelda. â€Å"Her voice is loaded with cash, † Gatsby says about Daisy. Like Gatsby, Fitzgerald esteemed riches and decadence more than everything else. The two of them toss kindhearted gatherings predominantly to influence others ( Daisy for Gatsby and Zelda for Fitzgerald ) . Like Fitzgerald, Nick was captivated by the affluent. Fitzgerald and Gatsby weren T simply satisfied with the American dream they needed to demo how rich they were and do an inclination on others. # 8220 ; And Gatsby was overpoweringly aware of the youngster and mystery that riches detains and monitors, of the newness of numerous array and of Daisy, sparkling like Ag, sheltered and glad over the hot clashes of poor people. # 8221 ; The Jazz Age didn T length the entire decennary, the financial exchange smashed in 1929 coordinating the new rich back to where they began, and forbiddance was revoked. Fitzgerald kicked the bucket of a chest invasion on December 21, 1940 in Sheilah Graham s level. Sheilah Graham was a film editorialist that Fitzgerald had begun to look all starry eyed at while working in Hollywood as a film essayist. Fitzgerald passed on trusting himself a disappointment and fighting liquor fixation. Zelda Fitzgerald died in a fire in Highland Hospital in 1948 in the wake of drifting all through mental foundations. Fitzgerald lived what he composed. Fitzgerald impacted The Great Gatsby as it were. Each character in the account has a specific attribute that Fitzgerald had. Fitzgerald was increasingly able to form about the Jazz Age than any other individual. He experienced childhood in Minnesota and was taught in the Ivy League, so moved toward the East in the wake of being in the ground powers like Nick. He began to look all starry eyed at a miss while in planning in the South like Tom, and his wedded lady Zelda resembled Daisy since she appreciated cash.

How Bottom-Up Processing Works

How Bottom-Up Processing Works Basics Print How Bottom-Up Processing Works By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 06, 2020 More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Bottom-up processing is an explanation for perception that involves starting with an incoming stimulus and working upwards until a representation of the object is formed in our minds. This process suggests that our perceptual experience is based entirely on the sensory stimuli that we piece together using only data that is available from our senses. In order to make sense of the world, we must take in energy from the environment and convert it to neural signals, a process known as sensation. It is in the next step of the process, known as perception, that our brains interpret these sensory signals. Verywell / Emily Roberts   Definition How exactly do people process perceptual information from the world around them? There are two basic approaches to understanding how this sensation and perception takes place. One of these is known as bottom-up processing and the other is known as top-down processing. Bottom-Up Focuses on incoming sensory data Takes place in real time More data driven Top-Down Uses previous experience and expectations Info is interpreted using contextual clues Bottom-up processing can be defined as sensory analysis that begins at the entry levelâ€"with what our senses can detect. This form of processing begins with sensory data and goes up to the brains integration of this sensory information. Information is carried in one direction starting with the retina and proceeding to the visual cortex. This process suggests that processing begins with perception of the stimuli and is fueled by basic mechanisms developed through evolution. Unlike top-down processing, bottom-up processing is purely data-driven and requires no previous knowledge or learning. Bottom-up processing takes place as it happens. For example, if you see an  image of an individual letter  on your screen, your eyes transmit the information to your brain, and your brain puts all of this information together. How It Works The theory of bottom-up processing was introduced by psychologist E. J. Gibson, who took a direct approach to the understanding of perception. Rather than being dependent upon learning and context, Gibson felt that perception was a “what you see is what you get” process.?? He argued that sensation and perception are the same thing. Because Gibson’s theory suggests that processing can be understood solely in terms of environmental stimuli, it is something referred to as the ecological theory of perception. The bottom-up processing works like this: We experience sensory information about the world around us, such as light levels from our environment.These signals are brought to the retina. Transduction transforms these signals into electrical impulses that can then be transmitted.Electrical impulses travel along visual pathways to the brain, where they enter the visual cortex and are processed to form our visual experience. This approach to understanding perception is an example of reductionism. Rather than looking at perception more holistically, including how sensory information, visual processes, and expectations contribute to how we see the world, bottom-up processing breaks the process down into its most basic elements. How Psychologists Use Reductionism to Understand Behavior Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Processing You can compare how bottom-up processing works to how top-down processing works by considering examples of how each process works. Imagine that you see a somewhat obscure shape. If you saw the shape on its own, using bottom-up processing, you might immediately perceive it as a capital letter B. Now if someone were to place that image next to other context clues, such as next to the numbers 12 and 14, you might them perceive it as the number 13 rather than a capital B. In this case, you use top-down processing to interpret the visual information in light of surrounding visual cues. Visual Illusions While the two processes are often presented as competing theories, both play an important role in perception. The experience of visual illusions, for example, can illustrate how bottom-up and top-down processes influence how we experience the world. You have probably seen a number of visual illusions where random ink blobs initially just look like ambiguous shapes, but after a moment begin to look like a face. If we used only bottom-up processing, these ink blobs would continue to look just like random shapes on paper. However, because our brains are predisposed to perceive faces and because of top-down processes, we are likely to begin to see a human face in these ambiguous shapes. Brain Disorders and Damage Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a neurological disorder in which people are unable to recognize familiar faces, including their own. While other aspects of visual processing and cognitive functioning remain unaffected, people experience functional sensation but incomplete perception.?? Patients are able to perceive familiar faces, but not able to recognize them. In this case, bottom-up processing remains functional, but a lack of top-down processing makes them unable to relate what they are seeing to stored knowledge. This demonstrates how important both processes are in shaping our perceptual experiences. A Word From Verywell Bottom-up processing can be extremely useful for understanding certain elements of how perception occurs. However, research has also shown that other factors including expectation and motivation (elements of top-down processing) can have an impact on how we perceive things around us. Top-Down Processing: How It Influences Perception

Letter of Advice on Potential Legal Action by Lemaire and Toews and Settlement Options

Letter of Advice on Potential Legal Action by Lemaire and Toews and Settlement Options Dear Ms Markle, I write to you concerning the situation that you conveyed to me. I understand you recently sold a property. With that, you recently found out that your buyers spent an additional $12,500 for renovation costs, which they believe you should reimburse them with, due to your alleged non-disclosure of the fact. I perused through several cases and poured through pertinent laws. The foregoing is what I have surmised from the court and from a close reading of your circumstance. Review of Facts As I understand from what you have relayed to me during our conversations, your clients, buyers Jennifer and Marie purchased your house in April of 2016 after 4 months of searching. The house has been your residence for a good 45 years. As a 75 year old widow, you decided to sell the house, but not without cosmetically enhancing it, which included minor repairs and repainting the interior and the exterior of it. Your former house, which consisted of two floors and a basement was advertised in the Mulitple Listing Services Sheet as structurally solid, in excellent condition, was lovingly maintained and that it has been recently updated. Prior to signing the Agreement to Purchase, the pair decided to waive the house inspection, thinking that any other problems that may arise can be corrected through the renovation that they plan to undertake. Additionally, the APS contained a condition that the signing of the document is not dependent on a house inspection. The renovations of the couple proceeded smoothly, except that, the contractor found some structural peculiarities which resulted to additional costs. Incidentally, you told them that you and your husband foregone undergoing renovations due to the structural peculiarities of the house. Due to this, the couple feel that not disclosure was not made fully, since they told their agent, and the latter informed your agent that they plan to undertake renovations. Thus, the couple will and may likely bring a suit to recover the amount of $12,500, the amount they spent for the structural peculiarities. Markle’s real estate agent told Markle that Lemaire and Toews were foregoing a house inspection because they planned to do renovations. Markle did not tell her real estate agent about the structural peculiarities that would increase the cost of renovations. A house inspection would have alerted Lemaire and Toews to potential structural peculiarities. Legal Analysis Structural Peculiarities According to my notes, the term structural peculiarities was how the contractor of the couple described the foundation of the house they purchased from you. With these structural peculiarities, the couple incurred additional costs amounting to $12,500. The contractor however did not disclose what these structural peculiarities are. In contrast to the binding case of Costa v Wimalasekera, wherein appellant specifically stated that his property was not prone to flooding, because he honestly believed that the occurrence of water accumulation in his property was ponding and not flooding, you did not misrepresent your property’s listing in the MLSS. The court reiterated in the case of Costa that in interpreting terminologies contained in an agreement, how the general public would understand or appreciate such would be given weight, rather than its technical definition. In the description, you expressly stated that your property was structurally solid. In ordinary parlance, structurally sound would mean that it has no structural defects. Nowhere did the contractor negate your claim, nor did he imply that your property was structurally unsound. On one hand, the term structurally peculiar cannot be said to be equivalent to the term structurally defective. Peculiarity as the dictionary provides would mean something outside of the usual character, something uncommon, something nor ordinary. Thus, no stretch of imagination could be made to equate your representation as structurally sound to mean as having no structural peculiarities. Additionally, in the binding case of Karwchuck v Scherback, the court ruled in favor of complainant Karwchuck when he claimed that seller Scherback withheld significant information regarding the property. In this case, the court considered as evidence the frequent plumbing and sewer repairs of the seller as indicia that the property had an obvious plumbing problem which the seller not only inaccurately disclosed, but that he had the positive duty to make known more than what was required, because it was what was expected of a reasonable man. On one hand, in the possible case that may be raised as against you, it cannot be said that you have the duty to disclose that your property had some structural peculiarities, as it cannot be considered as a basic requirement expected of a seller. The court in the same case stated that the duty to disclose more than what was asked was due to the serious underlying structural problems that the property already had. This however is not applicable to your situation, as I have already stated, your property only had a structural peculiarity, not a structural defect. Reasonable Reliable Statements According to the APS that your buyers signed, the signing of the same agreement is not conditional on the conduct of a house inspection. Perhaps, you may have the notion that the buyers expressly waived the house inspection and thus cannot claim from you, notwithstanding the condition of the house subsequent to the perfection of the contract. In this light, let me clarify through the case of Karwchuck, despite the agreement containing a waiver that buyers must make their own enquiry as to the property, the court did not absolve the seller from liability. Similarly, despite the APS between you and the coupe having a provision that the signing of such is not preconditioned on a house inspection, it cannot be taken to mean that matters, information, or facts which have to be disclosed, as a reasonable man would, may be waived. The question now is, did the couple reasonably rely on your statements prior to the purchase of the home. I would like to argue that non disclosure of the fact that your house had structural peculiarities would not have had deterred nor prevented the buyers from pushing through with their transaction. I believe that your house, as you narrated did not have any patent nor latent defects. The renovation that the couple planned was not conditioned on the physical status of your property. It was their plan to renovate according to their preference. Such conclusion can be made, due to their deliberate refusal to inspect the house prior to the signing of the APS. Misrepresentation On a similar vein, the case of Mauro v Al-Saffar, defendant Hussain Al-Saffar was adjudged liable to the buyers due to his misrepresentation that the house which he sold was â€Å"gutted to the bare bones†. With that claim, buyers were led to believe that re-seller Hussain who renovated the property prior to putting it in the market thoroughly stripped the house to its structure, before any enhancements, cosmetic or not were made. This situation is in stark contrast to yours, since you only said that your property was structurally solid, meaning, the foundation is stable and is without patent nor latent defect. In no way can the court deliver a verdict stating that you misrepresented your claim. Additionally, evidence can be made stating that you actually said that you knew of such structural peculiarity, thus negating any claim of bad faith. Duty of Agent Another argument that may be perhaps forwarded by your buyers is that, they duly notified their agent that they had plans to renovate. They had the reason and the right to assume that their agent communicated such fact to your agent, and that you and your agent should have had informed them of the difficulty of having a renovation due to such peculiarities. In this light however, should they do so, they need to present evidence that indeed, their agent was not remiss in their duty of standard care; and that their agent has properly conveyed such plan of theirs to renovate to your agent. In the case of Karwchuck, it was stated that the purchaser’s agent has the obligation to verify facts and information concerning a prospective property to be bought. Thus, if any, the agent of the buyers should have had enquired with your agent, or at least conducted an inspection, knowing that his principals, the buyers, originally planned to undertake renovation the soonest. This information had they asked your agent, or enquired from you would have been very easy to obtain, considering the fact that you nonchalantly volunteered for such during your casual conversations with them. For this, I honestly believe you are without fault. Contributory Negligence Although I have legal reason to believe you did not misrepresent your property to the concerned purchasers, the court through this doctrine may adjudge you monetarily liable. If they can present proof that their agent communicated to your agent, but that the latter failed to disclose the presence of any peculiarity in the structure due to your similar nondisclosure of such fact, they court may consider you contributorily negligent. As such, the court may require you to partially indemnify the purchasers for the additional costs incurred. I therefore suggest that you settle this amicably with your purchasers. Settlement Option In reference to the case of Kaufmann v Gibson, I am inclined to suggest that the court following such will not substantially indemnify your purchasers. The rules likewise suggest that without any misconduct from the parties, in this case, without any bad faith, ill intent, misrepresentation nor fraudulent machination from your end, you may only be liable to pay a certain amount of the costs incurred. With that, I believe an amount of $6,500 would suffice. Additionally, refusal of the parties to accept the offer would open them for liability. Thus, it would be prudent to offer them such sum, explaining that the amount was spent due to both parties being in pari delicto. Request for Instructions From the foregoing analyses and suggestion I gave, kindly inform me if you wish to push through with my recommendation. If positive, I will forward you a draft of your settlement letter. Should you wish to have additional clarifications in light of any subsequent development, please let me know the soonest. Kindly forward such instruction to my office not later than three weeks. Thus, I would appreciate if you could send it to me on or before March 12, 2017. Cordially Your signature

Filipino Biologist Angel Alcala and Artifical Coral Reefs

Angel Alcal has more than thirty years of experience in tropical marine resource conservationa. Angel Alcala is considered a world class authority in ecology and biogeography of amphibians and reptiles, and is behind the invention of artifical coral reefs to be used for fisheries in Southeast Asia. Angel Alcala is the Director of the Angelo King Center for Research and Environmental Management. Angel Alcala - Degrees: Undergraduate degree Silliman UniversityPh.D. Stanford University Angel Alcala - Awards: 1994 - The Field Museum Founders Council Award of Merit for contributions to environmental biologyMagsaysay Award for Public ServicePew Fellowship in Marine Conservation Work with Philippine Amphibians Reptiles: Angel Alcala has done the most comprehensive studies on Philippine amphibians and reptiles, and minor studies on birds and mammals. His research done between 1954 to 1999 lead to the addition of fifty new species of amphibians and reptiles.

Understanding Quantiles Definitions and Uses

Summary statistics such as the median, first quartile and third quartile are measurements of position. This is because these numbers indicate where a specified proportion of the distribution of data lies. For instance, the median is the middle position of the data under investigation. Half of the data have values less than the median. Similarly, 25% of the data have values less than the first quartile and 75% of the data have values less than the third quartile. This concept can be generalized. One way to do this is to consider percentiles. The 90th percentile indicates the point where 90% percent of the data have values less than this number. More generally, the pth percentile is the number n for which p% of the data is less than n. Continuous Random Variables Although the order statistics of median, first quartile, and third quartile are typically introduced in a setting with a discrete set of data, these statistics can also be defined for a continuous random variable. Since we are working with a continuous distribution we use the integral. The pth percentile is a number n such that: ∠«-â‚ ¶n f ( x ) dx p/100. Here f ( x ) is a probability density function. Thus we can obtain any percentile that we want for a continuous distribution. Quantiles A further generalization is to note that our order statistics are splitting the distribution that we are working with. The median splits the data set in half, and the median, or 50th percentile of a continuous distribution splits the distribution in half in terms of area. The first quartile, median and third quartile partition our data into four pieces with the same count in each. We can use the above integral to obtain the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles, and split a continuous distribution into four portions of equal area. We can generalize this procedure. The question that we can start with is given a natural number n, how can we split the distribution of a variable into n equally sized pieces? This speaks directly to the idea of quantiles. The n quantiles for a data set are found approximately by ranking the data in order and then splitting this ranking through n - 1 equally spaced points on the interval. If we have a probability density function for a continuous random variable, we use the above integral to find the quantiles. For n quantiles, we want: The first to have 1/n of the area of the distribution to the left of it.The second to have 2/n of the area of the distribution to the left of it.The rth to have r/n of the area of the distribution to the left of it.The last to have (n - 1)/n of the area of the distribution to the left of it. We see that for any natural number n, the n quantiles correspond to the 100r/nth percentiles, where r can be any natural number from 1 to n - 1. Common Quantiles Certain types of quantiles are used commonly enough to have specific names. Below is a list of these: The 2 quantile is called the medianThe 3 quantiles are called tercilesThe 4 quantiles are called quartilesThe 5 quantiles are called quintilesThe 6 quantiles are called sextilesThe 7 quantiles are called septilesThe 8 quantiles are called octilesThe 10 quantiles are called decilesThe 12 quantiles are called duodecilesThe 20 quantiles are called vigintilesThe 100 quantiles are called percentilesThe 1000 quantiles are called permilles Of course, other quantiles exist beyond the ones in the list above. Many times the specific quantile used matches the size of the sample from a continuous distribution. Use of Quantiles Besides specifying the position of a set of data, quantiles are helpful in other ways. Suppose we have a simple random sample from a population, and the distribution of the population is unknown. To help determine if a model, such as a normal distribution or Weibull distribution is a good fit for the population we sampled from, we can look at the quantiles of our data and the model. By matching the quantiles from our sample data to the quantiles from a particular probability distribution, the result is a collection of paired data. We plot these data in a scatterplot, known as a quantile-quantile plot or q-q plot. If the resulting scatterplot is roughly linear, then the model is a good fit for our data.

Ocean Acidification Definition

The oceans have reduced the effects of global warming for thousands of years by absorbing carbon dioxide. Now the basic chemistry of the oceans is changing because of our activities, with devastating consequences for marine life. What Causes Ocean Acidification? Its no secret that global warming is a major issue. A main cause of global warming is our release of carbon dioxide, primarily through the burning of fossil fuels and the burning of vegetation. Over time, the oceans have helped this problem by absorbing excess carbon dioxide. According to NOAA, the oceans have absorbed nearly half of the fossil fuel emissions weve generated over the past 200 years. As the carbon dioxide is absorbed, it reacts with the ocean water to form carbonic acid. This process is called ocean acidification. Over time, this acid causes the pH of the oceans to decrease, making ocean water more acidic. This can have drastic consequences on corals and other marine life, with cascading impacts on the fishing and tourism industries. More About pH and Ocean Acidification The term pH is a measure of acidity. If youve ever had an aquarium, you know that pH is important, and pH needs to be adjusted to optimal levels for your fish to thrive. The ocean has an optimal pH, too. As the ocean becomes more acidic, it becomes more difficult for corals and organisms to build skeletons and shells using calcium carbonate. In addition, the process of acidosis, or buildup of carbonic acid in body fluids, may affect fish and other marine life by compromising their ability to reproduce, breathe and fight diseases. How Bad is the Ocean Acidification Problem? On a pH scale, 7 is neutral, with 0 the most acidic and 14 the most basic. The historical pH of sea water is about 8.16, leaning on the basic side of the scale.The pH of our oceans has fallen to 8.05 since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. While this may not seem like a big deal, this is a change greater in magnitude than any time in the 650,000 years before the Industrial Revolution. The pH scale is also logarithmic, so that slight change in pH results in a 30 percent increase in acidity. Another problem is that once the oceans get their fill of carbon dioxide, scientists think the oceans could become a carbon dioxide source, rather than a sink. This means the ocean will contribute to the global warming problem by adding more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Life The effects of ocean acidification can be dramatic and far-reaching, and will affect animals such as fish, shellfish, corals, and plankton. Animals such as clams, oysters, scallops, urchins and corals that rely on calcium carbonate to build shells will have a difficult time building them, and protecting themselves as the shells will be weaker. In addition to having weaker shells, mussels will also have a reduced ability to grip  as the increased acid weakens their byssal threads. Fish will also need to adapt to the changing pH and work harder to remove acid out of its blood, which can impact other behaviors, such as reproduction, growth and food digestion. On the other hand, some animals such as lobsters and crabs may adapt well as their shells become stronger in more acidic water. Many of the possible effects of ocean acidification are unknown or still being studied. What Can We Do About Ocean Acidification? Lowering our emissions will help the ocean acidification problem, even if that just slows the impacts long enough to give species time to adapt. Read the Top 10 Things You Can Do to Reduce Global Warming for ideas on how you can help. Scientists have acted swiftly on this issue. The response has included the Monaco Declaration,  in which 155 scientists from 26 countries declared in January 2009 that: Ocean acidification is accelerating and severe damages are imminent;Ocean acidification will have broad socioeconomic impacts, affecting marine food webs, causing substantial changes in commercial fish stocks and threatening food security for millions of people;Ocean acidification is rapid, but recovery is slow;Ocean acidification can be controlled only by limiting future atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. The scientists called for intense efforts to research the problem, evaluate its impacts and cut emissions drastically to help curb the problem. Sources: Fabry, V.J., Seibel, B.A., Feely, R.A. and J.C. Orr. 2008. . Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes. ICES Journalof Marine Science, 65: 414–432.Feely, R.A., Sabine, C.L, and V.J. Fabry. 2006. Carbon Dioxide and Our Ocean Legacy. (Online) NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Science Brief. Accessed March 7, 2009.McAuliffe, K. 2008. Ocean Acidification: A Global Case of Osteoporosis. (Online) Discover. Accessed March 7, 2009.Monaco Declaration. 2008. Monaco Declaration on Oceans. Accessed July 21, 2015.Smithsonian Ocean Portal. Ocean Acidification.  Accessed July 21, 2015.

What Is Organizational Behavior - 1458 Words

Organizational Behavior - a systematic study of a person’s behavior. Several issues of interest to organizational behavior researchers: Motivation, Emotions, Personality and Communication. (Self Assessment Library? IV.G.1) Interpersonal Skills: A. Importance of Interpersonal Skills in the Workplace. Previously, Business School focused on technical aspects of management, inc: econ, accounting, finance, etc. Human Behavior and People skills was barely covered. Last 30 years though, business teachers have realized the role of understanding human behavior in determining a manager’s effectiveness and thusly required courses on people skills are now included in MBA programs. Why? Developing a manager’s interpersonal†¦show more content†¦PEOPLE SKILLS! It’s important! But we don’t call it that, we call it ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR or OB (which is also the abbreviation for Obstetrician, but who’s counting) This field studies three determinants of behavior in organizations: 1. Individuals 2. Groups 3. Structure In sum, it’s the study of what people do and how their behavior affects the organizations’ performance. This includes: leader behavior, communication, group structure, learning, attitude development, conflict, work design and work stress. COMPLEMENTING INTUITION WITH SYSTEMATIC STUDY Casual/common sense approach to â€Å"reading people† often leads to erroneous predictions. You can improve your predictive ability with supplementing intuition with a SYSTEMATIC APPROACH - this is the belief that behavior is NOT random. Rather, we can identify behavior and modify it to reflect individual differences. SYSTEMATIC STUDY: ie: Fundamental Consistencies - these are important because while behavior is generally predictable, the systematic study of behavior means making reasonable predictions based on said study - cause and effect, relationships and scientific evidence. EBM: Evidence-Based Management - compliments Systematic Study by basing management decisionsShow MoreRelatedwhat is organizational behavior1418 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿1. What is Organizational Behavior? Study of the impact individuals, groups, and structure has on behavior within an organization. This is studied by managers to improve an organizations work environment to find methods to increase the bottom line. Basically it is a study of the way people act within an organization when exposed to different elements such as leadership styles, behaviors of others, and incentives. 2. Maslow theory hierarchy of needs? Physiological- Basic needs or body needs; foodRead MoreWhat Are Organizational Behavior? Essay2208 Words   |  9 Pages1.4 What is Organizational Behavior? Organizational behavior is the systematic study and careful application of knowledge about how people – as individuals and as groups – act within organizations. 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Evolutions vs Creationism Free Essays

Creationism Vs Evolution Attention-getting opener: Tonight I am going to talk about Creationism Vs Evolution. Do you know that 800 million people have died in religion’s wars?. * Introduction 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Evolutions vs Creationism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The  creation–evolution controversy  is a recurring dispute about the origins of the Earth, humanity, life, and the universe. 2. The creation-evolution controversy began in Europe and North America in the late 18th century when new interpretations of geology were demonstrated in the  fossil  geological sequence  prompted  early ideas of evolution. * Preview In this speech I’m going to talk to you about 3 important topics. 1. The Creation by the hand of God. 2. The origin of species and natural selection by Darwin. 3. A combined view of the creationism and evolution. * Transition 1 In the first place, let’s talk about the creation by the hand of God. The Creationism  is the  religious belief  that  life, the  Earth, and the  universe  are the  creation  of a  supernatural  being. All made in the image and likeness of God and explains the facts based on the assumption of a supernatural, completed process. Transition 2 Also, I’ll speak of Darwin’s theory. The evolution by natural selection, it’s when more offspring are produced than can possibly survive. When members of a population die they are replaced by the progeny of parents that were better adapted to survive and reproduce in the environment in which natural selection took place. In other words, only the strongest will survive. * Transition 3 Lastly, I show you a combination between Creationism and Evolution. This is a theory that not too many people believe in it, because those who believe in the creationism, not believe in the evolution and vice versa. * Conclusion Given these facts, everyone is free to choose which theory is better for himself. Once the person has established his beliefs, should be respected and he should respect the others beliefs to avoid as many fights and wars as possible and live in a better place. * Memorable closing remarks If you wish to believe in creation or evolution, that is fine, but please don’t judge other people just because they have a different belief than ours. How to cite Evolutions vs Creationism, Papers

Stock Exchange free essay sample

What is Stock Exchange? A stock exchange is the market place for the purchase and sale of second hand securities. It provides trading facilities for stock brokers and traders, to trade shares of the listed companies and other financial instruments such as Term Finance Certificates and Derivatives. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for the issue (listing), redemption (delisting) of securities and other capital events including the payment of income and dividends. It is a key institution for smooth functioning and steady growth of the corporate sector and can be seen as a key to the economic life of a nation. Stock exchange is the home of the capital and pivot of the money market, providing proper mobility for capital. The securities of joint-stock companies, government securities and securities issued by semi-government organization are dealt with on a stock exchange. History of Stock Exchange The history of stock exchanges can be traced to 12th century France, when the first brokers (the role of an individual or a firm when it acts as an agent for a customer and charges the customer a commission for its services) are believed to have developed, trading in debt and government securities. We will write a custom essay sample on Stock Exchange or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unofficial share markets existed across Europe through the 1600s, where brokers would meet outside or in coffee houses to make trades. The Amsterdam Stock Exchange, created in 1602, became the first official stock exchange when it began trading shares of the Dutch East India Company. These were the first company shares ever issued. By the early 1700s there were fully operational stock exchanges in France and England, and America followed in the later part of the century. Share exchanges became an important way for companies to raise capital for investment, while also offering investors the opportunity to share in company profits. The early days of the stock exchange experienced many scandals and share crashes, as there was little to no regulation and almost anyone was allowed to participate in the exchange. Today, stock exchanges operate around the world, and they have become highly regulated institutions. Investors wanting to buy and sell shares must do so through a share broker, who pays to own a seat on the exchange. Companies with shares traded on an exchange are said to be listed and they must meet specific criteria, which varies across exchanges. Most stock exchanges began as floor exchanges, where traders made deals face-to-face. The largest stock exchange in the world, the New York Stock Exchange, continues to operate this way, but most of the worlds exchanges have now become fully electronic. Functions of Stock Market ? Ready Market Stock exchange is a continuous market for the resale of existing securities. It is a centre where buyers and sellers assemble to deal in securities at any time during the business hours. It enables investors to realize quickly their shares and debentures. This facility encourages people to invest in business enterprise by means of buying industrial securities. It helps new investors to obtain securities at any time at market price. ? Protection to investors Protection of the interest of the investors is another function of stock exchange. This it does by ensuring safety and fair dealing to the average investors through strict enforcement of its rules and regulations. Without the cover of a stock exchange there may be unfair competition between different brokers. The investors may be deceived by clever and dishonest brokers. In a stock exchange any malpractice by a broker carries a severe penalty. ? Profitable use of funds Another major function of the stock exchange is the mobilization of surplus funds of individuals firms and companies for investment in industrial securities. Without the stock exchange, these funds would have remained idle. It directs the surplus funds into the most profitable channel and thereby secures their effective utilization. People invest their savings in companies yielding good returns. Stock exchange in Pakistan In Pakistan there are three stock exchanges, ? Karachi stock exchange (KSE) Lahore stock exchange (LSE) ? Islamabad stock exchange (ISE) Karachi Stock Exchange The KSE is the first stock exchange of Pakistan established in September 18, 1947 and incorporated in March 10, 1949. KSE start with 5 companies with a paid-up capital of RS 37 million. The first index was the KSE 100 index. KSE Indices Family ? KSE 100 The KSE100 index is a benchmark by which the stock price p erformance can be compared to over a period of time. In particular, the KSE 100 is designed to provide investors with a sense of how the Pakistan equity market is performing. Thus, the KSE100 is similar to other indicators that track various sectors of the Pakistan economic activity such as the gross national product, consumer price index, etc. The KSE-100 Index was introduced in November 1991 with base value of 1,000 points. The Index comprises of 100 companies selected on the basis of sector representation and highest market capitalization, which tracks over 85% of the total market capitalization of the companies listed on the Exchange. ? KSE-30 Index The Karachi Stock Exchange has launched the KSE-30 Index with base value of 10,000 points, formally implemented from Friday, September 1, 2006. The main feature of this index that makes it different from other indices is: ? Based on the â€Å"Free Float Methodology† ? It includes only the top 30 most liquid companies listed on the KSE. ? KMI-30 ? Index introduced in September, 2008 ? Tracks the 30 most liquid Shariah-compliant companies listed at KSE weighted by free float adjusted market capitalization. ? Shariah Screening performed by Shariah Supervisory Board of Meezan Bank (chaired by Justice (Retd. ) Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani). ? KSE All Share Index ? It consists of all the companies listed on the KSE. ? KSE-GTOi Oil Gas Sector plays vital roles in Pakistan’s economy and therefore KSE has developed a Tradable Oil Gas Index which tracks at least 80% free-float market capitalization of the Oil Gas Sector. This index provides Investors and Market Intermediaries with an appropriate benchmark that captures the performance of each segment of the economy. KSE-100 Composition Basis The selection criteria for stock inclusion in the existing KSE-100 Index is based on three main filters, namely Sector rule, Capitalization rule and Default rule. The top sector companies may also qualify for inclusion on the basis of their market capitalization. Sector Rule Largest market capitalization in each Karachi Stock Exchange sectors excluding Open-end Mutual Fund Sector ? The Largest Capitalization Rule The remaining index places are taken up by the largest market capitalization companies in descending order. ? The Default Counter and Non Tradable Rule Company which is on the Defaulters’ Counter and/or its trading is suspended; declare Non-Tradable (i. e. NT) in preceding 6 months from the date of re-composition shall not be considered in the re-composition of KSE-100 Index . How many stocks are registered and categories? The total number of companies listed in KSE is 572 with a listed capital of RS. 1103072. 80 million ? In KSE companies are listed under following categories according to the nature of their industry. |Sector Wise Categories of Companies | |Oil and Gas |Pharma and Bio Tech | |Chemicals |Media |Forestry |Travel leisure | |Industrial metals and mining |Fixed line Telecommunication | |General industries |Electricity | |Electronic and electrical Goods |Multiutilities | |Engineering |Commercial Banks | |Industrial Transportation |Non Life Insurance | |Support services |Life insurance | |Automobile and Parts |Real estate investment and services | |Beverages |financial services | |Food Producers |Equity Investment Instruments | |Household Goods |Software and comp uter services | |Leisure Goods. |Technology Hardware and Equipment | |Personal Goods | | |Personal Goods | | |Tobacco | | Advance /Decline: If there is increasing trend in the prices of share then we said that the market gains the index or points and vice versa. Points: Points shows the Overall worth of the market. There are many factors that influence the market points and due to these factors market’s point increases or increases. These factors consist of formulae of capital structure and other related things. In Pakistan value of 1 point is approximately equal to 5 crores and it changes due to inflation and other economic factors. When an individual invest an amount equal to 5 Crores then 1 point increases and when he/she pull back his investment then 1 point decreases 1 point = 5 Crores

The Basics of Information Security

Question: Describe about The Basics of Information Security? Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to present a software architecture report for the e-grading system for UoI. In the next parts of the report, there will be use case view of the system, physical and logical view including deployment and component and connector view. The architectural style, security architecture of the system will also be discussed. Background University of Intellect1 or UoI has decided to purchase a new e-grading information system for its student assessment process. The university has some legacy systems for keeping records of the student in Student Records Information System or SRIS, LDAP and Assessment Moderation System or AMS. The SRIS and LDAP is needed to be integrated with the new e-grading information system. On the other hand, the AMS will work independently though there will be a connection with the new information system. Use Case View Assessment administrator will add and modify modules, courses, register student to some module. On the other hand lecturers can submit marks of module and courses. Based on those marks submission the e-grading system will suggest decisions on the results of the student. These suggestions will be reported to the assessment administrator. Students will be able to review marks, view result etc. The system will send update messages to the students about updates on their marks, results etc. (Satzinger, Jackson, Burd, 2008) So, the actors of the e-grading system will be assessment administrator, lecturer and student. The use case view for the given scenario is, The primary secondary actors, pre-conditions, post conditions and triggers for each use case are summarized below, Use Case Primary actor Secondary actor Pre-condition Post-condition Trigger Add new Student Assessment Administrator Student N/A Details of a student will be added to the system. N/A Add Course Assessment Administrator N/A N/A Details of a new course will be added to the system. N/A Modify Course Assessment Administrator N/A The course should exist in the system. Details of the course will be updated. N/A Add Module Assessment Administrator N/A N/A Details of a new module will be added to the system. N/A Modify Module Assessment Administrator N/A The module should exist in the system. Details of the module will be updated. N/A Register to a Course Assessment Administrator Student The course and the student should exist in the system. The student will be registered to the course. N/A Submit marks of Modules Lecturer N/A N/A A lecturer adds marks of students for a module. N/A Submit Marks of Course Lecturer N/A N/A A lecturer submits marks of the students for a course. N/A Generate Reports N/A N/A The marks of the students should be available in the system. The system will generate reports for meetings. N/A Suggest Decisions N/A N/A The marks should be present in the system. The system will suggest decisions based on the conditions given to the system. N/A Calculate Module Score N/A N/A The scores of students for the module should be present in the system. The score for a module will be calculated and compared with some threshold value. Assessment administrator has asked the system to suggest decision. Calculate credit N/A N/A The scores of a module should be present in the system. The credit a module will be calculated. Marks in a module 40% Check year of the student N/A N/A Marks in a module 40% The system will check the current year of the student. Accumulated credits credits for student's level Award Degree N/A N/A Accumulated credits credits for student's level The student will be awarded a degree The student is a final year student. Proceed to Next Level N/A N/A The student is a non-final year student. The student will proceed to the next level. The student is a non-final year student. Get DC N/A N/A Marks in module 40%. Average level mark = 40%. The student will get discretionary compensation and pass the year. Marks in module 40%. Average level mark = 40%. Get AC N/A N/A The number of credits achieved by a student the number of credits in their level-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  20 credits; and the level average mark 40%; and all non-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ pass module marks are between 30 and 39 The student will get automatic compensation of a failed module and classification will be calculated as level 3. The number of credits achieved by a student the number of credits in their level-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  20 credits; and the level average mark 40%; and all non-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ pass module marks are between 30 and 39 Re-sit in Failed Modules N/A N/A The student fails to get AC, DC and has failed in the module. The student will have to re-sit in the failed modules. N/A Repeat year with Attendance N/A N/A Student has failed in the course. The student will have to repeat the modules with attendance. N/A Review Marks Student N/A Marks should be available in the system A student will be able to review his/ her marks. N/A View Result Student N/A N/A A student will be able to see the results. N/A Send Update Message Student N/A The contact number or email id of the students should be present in the system. SMS or Email will be sent to the students. These will contain updates about their marks or results. N/A Physical and Logical View Physical and logical views are more related to the deployment and execution time behavior of a system. Rather than focusing on functionalities, in this case more focus is given on how the system component will be deployed in real time, during execution how those will interact with one another, how those will communicate etc. These views become more meaningful when the system is developed and runs. Deployment view Deployment view of software architecture is focused on the different facets of the system that will be important parts of the system after testing and while transition to go live stage. In deployment view, physical and hardware environment of the targeted system is considered. Thus, facilities like processing nodes, disk storage, other systems, network interconnections etc. are useful. On the other hand, technical details of the environment, like requirement specification of each node of the system, runtime environment of the software elements etc. are also useful. The deployment environment considered in a deployment view may not be obvious to all stakeholder during preparing the deployment view. It will be meaningful to them after deployment of the system. (Bass, Clements, Kazman, 2003) The deployment view of the e-grading system has been given below. The systems like LDAP, SRIS etc. are needed to be connected to the e-grading system and that has been shown in the deployment view. In this deployment view, it shows, that the architecture will follow some client server architecture. There will be a backend webserver for the student e-grading system. It will communicate with the application server by RMI. The application server will have different components of the e-grading system. In turns the application server will interact with university student database, SRIS, LDAP and AMS systems. Component and Connector View A component and connector view contains two types of elements, components and connectors. A component is a computational unit, data store etc. and those are needed during execution in the system. On the other hand, a connector is an interaction between components. Thus, in component and connector view of a system the run time structure of the system is depicted. It shows, what components will intact with other components during runtime environment. Components are the nodes of a component connector view and connectors are shown as edges. (Vogel, Arnold, Chughtai, Kehrer, 2011) Architectural Style Architectural style focuses on a system based on some large scale use of the system. A style can be focused on conceptual, executional or implementation views of a system. Sometimes, a particular principle of a system, can constraint the architectural style of a system. Mainly, it focuses on organization of the components of the system, manipulation of data, communication among the components etc. In the e grading system for UoI, web based architecture style has been used. Web architecture style has been selected as the e-grading system will be developed based on some web browser based interface. Security Architecture Security is important for a software. To implement different security features into a software, it is needed to incorporate security mechanisms into the architecture of the software. There are different types of attacks to the system. If there is some vulnerability in the software itself then attacking those systems become easier for the attackers. Thus implementation of security is needed from the very beginning. A software security architecture is like a framework for the security design of the software. Any software security architecture will have four security stages of information security. Those stages are protection, prevention, detection and reaction. All this can be documented in the security design architecture. (Clements, et al., 2010) A good security design architecture can be applied multiple times in a software design. There is no need to reinvent some security design for each module or each component of the system design architecture. The security architecture should cover all aspects of information security that are related to the software. There are differences between a security policy adopted by some organization and the security architecture adopted by the same organization. A security architecture will have a set of security standards and policies. There will be rules about access control, test plan design and boundary checking, testing process necessary to certify an application etc. Collectively all these will help in security decision making and building an organization wide security architecture. (Fernandez-Buglioni, 2013) In software development the rules from the security architecture will be followed up. For example, there will be clear implementation of access control, authentication etc. The test plans will be designed in such a way that these security principles will be tested. (Ramachandran, 2002) The security architecture view of e-grading system is, As illustrated in the security architecture view, it should focus on organization of the components of the system, strategies, building decisions, data structures and algorithms, functionalities of the system, error handling and processing, fault tolerance etc. Different security modules like authenticator, session manager, authorizer, cache management, cryptography and encryption etc. are managed by the security manager of the system. Conclusion In the software architectural document different views of the student e-grading system have been discussed. The main views like use case view, physical and logical view and security architecture views have been discussed. Use case view gives information about functionalities and behavior of the system. It describes how different actors and other external systems interacts with the e-grading system. It also shows what the main functionalities of the system are and how those are connected to different actors. While describing physical and logical views, there are two different views, deployment view and component and connector views. These views are more related to the deployment and implementation aspects of the system. These views shows how different components of the system are communicating and connected with one another, how other systems like SRIS, AMS, and LDAP etc. are connected to the e-grading system etc. There is a brief description of the architectural style of the system. Then there is a discussion on security architecture and security architecture view of the system. References Ambler, S. W. (2005). The Elements of UML(TM) 2.0 Style. Cambridge University Press. Andress, J. (2014 ). The Basics of Information Security. Syngress. Babers, C. (2006). Architecture Development Made Simple. Lulu. Bass, L., Clements, P., Kazman, R. (2003). Software Architecture in Practice. Addison-Wesley Professional. Clements, P., Bachmann, F., Bass, L., Garlan, D., Ivers, J., Little, R., . . . Stafford, J. (2010). Documenting Software Architectures. Pearson. Dennis, A., Wixom, B. H., Tegarden, D. (2011). Systems Analysis and Design with UML 2.0. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Fernandez-Buglioni, E. (2013). Security Patterns in Practice. John Wiley Sons. Grady, J. O. (2010). System Requirements Analysis. Academic Press. McGraw, G. (2006). Software Security. Addison-Wesley Professional. Microsoft (MSDN). (2013). UML Use Case Diagrams: Guidelines. Retrieved March 20, 2015, from https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd409432.aspx Ramachandran, J. (2002). Designing Security Architecture Solutions. John Wiley Sons. Rosenberg, D., Scott, K. (2001). Applying Use Case Driven Object Modeling with UML. Addison-Wesley Professional. Rozanski, N., Woods, E. (2011). Software Systems Architecture. Addison-Wesley. Satzinger, J. W., Jackson, R. B., Burd, S. D. (2008). Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World. Cengage Learning. Shelly, G., Rosenblatt, H. J. (2011). Systems Analysis and Design (9th ed.). Cengage Learning. Vogel, O., Arnold, I., Chughtai, A., Kehrer, T. (2011). Software Architecture. Springer.

ACT Reading Test Questions, Content, and Scores

ACT Reading Test Questions, Content, and Scores Getting ready to master the ACT test? For those of you high school students who have decided to take the ACT as your college admissions test, and for those of you required to take it as a high school exit exam, youd better prepare yourself for the ACT Reading portion of the exam. The ACT Reading section is one of five sections upon which you will be during the ACT Test, and for many students, it is the most difficult. Not only will you need reading strategies to master it, you will need to practice, practice, practice! The other test sections are these: ACT EnglishACT MathematicsACT Science ReasoningThe Enhanced ACT Writing Test The ACT Reading Basics When you flip open your testing booklet to the ACT Reading portion, you will face the following:   40 questions35 minutes4 reading passages with 10 multiple choice questions following each reading passage.3 of the reading passages contain one long passage. 1 of the reading passages contains a pair of related passages.   Although it seems like it would be relatively easy to answer forty questions in 35 minutes, this test is difficult because you also must read the four accompanying passages or sets of passages in addition to answering the questions. Alone, or in pairs, the passages are roughly 80 - 90 lines in length.   ACT Reading Scores Just like the other ACT sections, the ACT Reading section can earn you between 1 and 36 points. The average ACT Reading score is about a 20, but your fellow test-takers are scoring higher than that to get into the really good schools. This score is also combined with the Writing score and English score to give you an ELA average score out of 36.   ACT Reading Skills The ACT Reading section does not test your memorization of vocabulary words in isolation, facts outside of the text, or logical skills. Here are the skills on which youll be tested, which are based on the reporting categories introduced in 2016: Key Ideas and Details: (approximately 22 - 24 questions) Finding the main ideaSummarizing  Making an inferenceUnderstanding sequence of eventsUnderstanding cause and effect relationshipsMaking comparisons Craft and Structure: (approximately 10 - 12 questions) Understanding  authors tone  Understanding  authors purposeAnalyzing characters points of viewUnderstanding vocabulary words in contextAnalyzing text structure Integration of Knowledge and Ideas: (approximately 5 - 7 questions) Analyzing and evaluating authors claimsDifferentiating between fact and opinionUsing evidence to connect texts ACT Reading Test Content So what will you be reading about? Good news! You will not have to interpret poetry. All the text on the ACT Reading section is prose. Whew, right? By the way, the information below is just for reference. As  stated before, you will not be held accountable for knowledge outside of the text, so you dont need to check out books from the library about this stuff. Just realize that you could be reading passages about one of the following subjects, so at least youll know what youre up against. Social Studies: anthropology, archaeology, biography, business, economics, education, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology.Natural Sciences: anatomy, astronomy, biology, botany, chemistry, ecology, geology, medicine, meteorology, microbiology, natural history, physiology, physics, technology, and zoology.Prose Fiction: short stories or excerpts from short stories or novels.Humanities: memoirs and personal essays and in the content areas of architecture, art, dance, ethics, film, language, literary criticism, music, philosophy, radio, television, and theater. ACT Reading Strategies Its imperative that you prepare for  ACT Reading strategies  for this test. Since youll have to answer 40 questions in just 30 minutes and read the four passages (either one long passage or two shorter, related passages), you will not have enough time to just go at it like you usually would in class. You must use some strategies before plunging in, or else you may only get to two or three of the passages! The link will take you to five reading strategies that can boost your score if you use them.   Thats about all you need to know about the ACT Reading section. Try your hand at the following reading comprehension worksheets to help prepare you for what you need to know!

Doctor Assited Suicide essays

Doctor Assited Suicide essays Opinion Paper- Doctor Assisted Suicide After reading the editorial that discussed the issue of doctor-assisted suicide, I have concluded that I strongly agree with the beliefs of Doctor Jack Kevorkian. Dr. Kevorkian believed in giving a suffering human being the freedom of choice, the freedom to play God with their own lives, and he just helped them carry out their lifetime decision. Although many may agree that it is inhumane to perform such tasks I believe that if any human being is suffering and is near death, and are capable of making the life ending decision, then why not give them that right. Obviously they are unhappy with their situation in life, and feel that their time is up and have suffered enough. I feel that Dr. Kevorkian is only completing a job that most people would not do, but feels that there is a need for people in the world to do it. There are also people who believe that what Dr. Kevorkian does is unacceptable, and from what I can tell, those people are the ones who they themselves have not dealt with a severe illness or disease in their family or someone even close to them. In todays society there are a number of different diseases and illnesses that people and their families deal with everyday. So after watching the one that is close to them suffer for sometime make the decision to end their suffering is in some way devastating and in some way a relief to everyone involved and without people like Dr. Kevorkian it would not be possible. In respect to civil disobedience, I believe that everyone breaks the rules for one reason or another, and for the reason that Dr. Kevorkian does, he has every right to, because in the end people are the one who seek out him to assist them in their suicide he does not go looking for people to kill for the sake of killing. ...

Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway Essay - 1

Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway - Essay Example Hemingway does not use the crucial word in any part of the story, but the context, dialogues and the behavioral pattern of the two main characters would make it clear that they are planning to travel by train to Madrid to abort their child. The most intriguing aspect of the story is its terse narrative structure that leads the readers slowly to the core of the issue dealt with. The third person narrative serves the functional purpose of describing the mise en scene and filling in the unavoidable details of action. Each word has its weight and significance in the story for the same reason. Moreover, the story makes use of symbolic representations through every image that appears in it. The protagonists have a few drinks in the train station in the Ebro River valley of Spain and speak about the hills in the background, the drinks, their shared life, the abortion and their future. The varying viewpoints of the man and woman regarding the abortion are part cleverly revealed through their conversation and action. Hemingway presents a fragment from the life of the protagonists, but this throws light on the effects of time and space on the quality of their life. They are presumably the representatives of the ‘roaring twenties, who led a hedonistic life after the First World War. The crumbling social valued and family structure have led to a freewheeling life where men and women lived for the moment, and tried to get rid of commitments and responsibilities. The tension felt through the curt dialogue shows how the attitudes to such a life differ drastically between the man and the girl. The man is obviously distracted by the prospective because he is forcing the girl to do it. He forcefully brings the subject during the conversation and says, â€Å"That’s the only thing that bothers us. It’s the only thing that’s made us unhappy†. He neglects the attempt by the girl to bring to his notice that

Music and Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music and Gender - Essay Example Music as a popular culture has the power to influence almost anyone. In hip-hop music, male dominance is a powerful tool, that appears to make the female entity more or less an object of fascination. One take on the subject of patriarchal power is defined by Bell Hooks in the following excerpt: "The sexist, patriarchal ways of thinking and behaving that are glorified in gangsta rap are a reflection of the prevailing values in our society, values created and sustained by white supremacist capitalistic patriarchy."(M.Dot, 2008). The essay written by pseudonym writer M.Dot relates how black hip-hop music tends to follow the 'white suprematist' ideals that men are above and beyond women and for that reason can be seen as objects of men's fantasy rather than having a voice and meaning of their own. The figures of Condoleza Rice and Hillary Clinton are thorns in the flesh of those trying desperately to maintain their place as masculine hegemonous figures. Two reasons for this may arise and one of which may be pure speculation but is however a valid reason. In Hip Hop and Rap, both music genre's make the women predominantly into 'boodies' and 'boobs', crudely arranging them with very little if any mental capacity. Sean Kingston recently released the album with the single "Beautiful Girl" where the featured girl was seen merely as a 'gold-digger' looking for a meal ticket in the form of a man. "You know you'll never work", denotes that because of her beauty she will never have to support herself, further making the man the power image to provide for the woman. 3. Liberal and radical feminism are quite obviously anti-patriarchal power. Country music exemplifies the ideals of the romantic cowboy sweeping the lady-love off her feet on his glittering steed. The hegemony displayed in this genre of music plays up the romantic ideal of masculinity, not the reality. "Since women are believed to factor centrally in human social relations, the male psyche seeks to subordinate women, and thus sustain the illusion of male centrality."(Robinson, 2006: 46). Robinson writes about the fact that in order to make the male the controller, the woman must make herself the controlled (Ibid). This makes for entertaining although unrealistic visions of societal norms. In a sense the modern hip-hop and gansta-rap as urban phenomena, are trying to reinforce something that is being contested, while the rural inspired country music is still hanging onto the romanticised idealism of when men were cowboys. It depends however very much n who is listening to the music. 4. Constantine hip-hop has had rather a bad image, being largely directed by sex in all its forms. It is by far the more popular of the hip-hop styles and centers around the inadequacies of femininity and tries to form the perception that women are all tending towards prostitution. One feminist website describes Constantine hip-hop as focussing on women, and black women in particular as sex objects with the camera's focussing on gyrating body parts (Ayanna, 2008). In this case we are talking Puff-Daddy and Snoop-Dogg rather than the more genteel Sean Kingston. Prophetic hip-hop is a genre more directed towards the future of the world. It often places great emphasis on the doom of modern society, painful break-ups and

Consequences of Celebrity Obsession

Consequences of Celebrity Obsession Sewon Chu Celebrity/Media Addiction In this world we live in, there are over seven billion people with many different dreams and ambitions. Some are satisfied with living in a small village with close relationship with just about everyone living in that village. Some are content to live the fast-paced life of the metropolis, where millions of people carry on their daily lives. Then there are some people who seek fame through acting, singing, beauty or their hard work and have their faces all over the media: celebrities. Celebrity is defined as not only those who sing, dance, and act but just famous or well-known person according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary.[1] Celebrities exist in all parts of the globe because they are essential needs to human life called entertainment. Entertainment is a necessity to human life because it brings joy, happiness and different sorts of positive feelings. However, it has expanded from just pure entertainment into something more serious recently. Now, the public is starting to become he avily interested in the daily personal lives of these celebrities because of the media, which has led to many people becoming obsessed with the lives of celebrities. People are obsessed with celebrities now more than ever because the obsession has become an integral part of our daily lives that results from psychological and social reasons. According to the Daily Banter, one of the reasons why people are obsessed with celebrities is because our brains think that the leaders or creative innovators should be respected.[2] Celebrities can become inspirations to the future generations who aim to become acknowledged for their hard work one day in fields that may be very difficult to become successful in. People are able to form a bond in their minds with their favorite public figure through the assimilation of the celebrity’s characteristics and have positive emotions when they think about that celebrity.[3] Granted, some of the actions by celebrities are not the actions leaders or innovators should be doing, such as drug usage, but the public is interested in all aspects of a celebrity’s life because of the media coverage. When a celebrity couple like for an example artists Beyoncà © Knowles and Jay-Z has a child, the news of the birth was all over social networks, newspapers, T.V., and internet news. However , if someone who was just an ordinary couple were to give birth to a child, only their friends and families will know about the good news. As a result, because the celebrity couple will have media exposure of their child’s birth, they are considered â€Å"more special† than the ordinary couple even though they are doing the same thing: giving birth to a child, which leads to other ordinary people to pay attention to the news of the celebrity couple. The fact that media is exposing these news about celebrities makes ordinary people have this notion that the celebrity is special which leads to the feeling of envy and the need to make those celebrities their personal role models. Also, when the media shows the celebrities, the celebrity tends to live the luxurious life. They wear nice and fashionable clothes that are sometimes custom-made, wear exquisite jewelry, drive or hire a driver that drives their exotic cars, drink expensive alcohol. This result in people wanting c elebrities as their role models because with their talent and fortune they were able to make these purchases. Having a celebrity for a role model can be positive because role models help people aspire to become better and grow as a human being. Celebrity admiration can have an influence on other people. For an example, when celebrities donate money to charity and be philanthropic to others or win awards for their hard work, it aspire people to become the same better person. One good example was how many well-known people such as Bill Gates, Whoopi Goldberg, Matt Damon, Will Smith, Kevin Hart, Anne Hathaway and Benedict Cumberbatch took part in the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge which served as a cause to raise awareness of Lou Gehrig’s disease. Consequently, this led to many people to participate as well. But certainly celebrity influence can’t only be positive. While the ALS Bucket Challenge may have succeeded in raising awareness to people and it was for a good cause, many people did it without knowing what ALS even is, also they forget the fact that there are parts of the world th at has little to no access to fresh/clean water. So while the ALS Bucket Challenge has raised awareness for a disease, in a sense, it has left people less aware of the water shortage issue in other countries. Also, this shows just how much celebrities can influence ordinary people in a negative way. They forget that they’re wasting water because famous people were doing it which means that in some cases people will be blinded and wouldn’t be able to differentiate whether what their role model celebrity is doing is the right thing or not. For an example, celebrities such as Justin Bieber and Miley Cyrus both have a massive fan base. When they were younger than they were now, they had an innocent image as well as their talent that attracted so many fans. However, now that some years have passed since they debuted, it seems as though their image has become rather negative. There are YouTube videos that show Justin Bieber trying to fight a reporter and also he was charged with DUI (driving under the influence) in Florida, and Miley Cyrus has made some controversial music videos and statements. The reason why this is a major problem is that media exposure to these negative characteristics mixed with obsession about these celebrities will make people think that what they are doing is reasonable and in turn, result in people imitating those celebrities. Celebrities have so much influence now that even the governor of California from 2003 to 2011 was none other than Arnold Schwarzenegger[4], who is an immigrant from Austria. Before Schwarzenegger, Ronald Reagan was also a celebrity turned governor, and he went further as to become a U.S. president. The point is not if these two men were the right choice but the point is that it seems as though celebrity influence has a greater power than people realize. Psychologist James Houran has conducted a survey of more than 600 people and has discovered a psychiatric condition: celebrity worship syndrome.[5] According to the survey, one out of three Americans and British has it to a certain degree that the groups were divided into three different categories: entertainment social, casual stargazing; intense personal, feeling a connection with a celebrity; borderline pathological, similar to a stalker. He believes that the numbers will intensify with the advancement of technology such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other social media which allows easier access to information worldwide. People will â€Å"share†, â€Å"like†, â€Å"tag†, â€Å"retweet† videos or articles about celebrities and whoever is their social network friend or follower will have access to that celebrity news. Technology has indeed become an important factor as to why people are becoming more and more obsessed with celebrities. Today, the ac cess to media is easier than ever before; there are magazines solely dedicated to stories about the latest celebrity gossip, known as tabloids. Other than that, there are various social network sources as mentioned before such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other social media that can provide the latest update on celebrity news. Also, TV news channels cover celebrity gossip when there are other important news stories to be discussed. It has become a trend nowadays to know the basic knowledge of celebrity gossip as Daniel Kruger, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Michigan points out, â€Å"Knowing what is going on with high-status individuals, you’d be better able to navigate the social scene.†[6] If a person does not know the latest news of a certain celebrity, that person can possibly be socially excluded from a conversation or a group because they lack the information. They do not want to feel like an outcast from their group of people so even if they do not care about celebrity gossip, some are forced to know all of the juicy gossip. Socially, people want to be fit in and have a sense of belonging in a community. As a result, people will spend more time watching the latest celebrity gossip instead of learning something new or better their lives in some way because they might believe that knowing the latest gossip is in fact bettering them because of the social benefits of fitting in. Today’s social standards of beauty has also become a poisonous because every year it seems as though those standards are becoming higher as more and more beautiful and handsome models become the faces of the entertainment industry. This leads to many young people to resort to plastic surgery because they believe that their natural face is unfit for the standard of society as Anisha Abraham and Diana Zuckerman points out in their article, Adolescents, Celebrity Worship, and Cosmetic Surgery: â€Å"Cosmetic procedures have become pervasive, advertised in the mass media, and the subject of countless TV programs, such as Dr. 90210 (created in the United States but internationally known). The American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery estimates that the number of children less than 18 years of age undergoing cosmetic surgery procedures by their members has ranged from 33,000 to 65,000 annually in the past 10 years, with nonsurgical cosmetic procedures ranging from 91,000 to 190,000 per year[7]† As bad as celebrity obsession might sound, it can actually be helpful for people with social difficulties. Celebrities now can interact with their fans via social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram and have a one-sided relationship with them. While it does sound like an unhealthy relationship, studies show that it is quite the opposite. There was a study conducted in 2008 by University of Buffalo researchers who discovered that â€Å"celebrity worship† helps people with self-esteem issues or fears or rejections by allowing them to have one-sided bond with a celebrity. Another study involved 348 undergraduate students completing a self-esteem questionnaire, writing an open-ended essay about their favorite celebrity, and then completing the questionnaire again. The results showed that people who initially scored low on the self-esteem, after completing the essay scored much higher the second time.[8] This shows that one-sided relationships with these celebrities fi ll the void of loneliness to those who have low self-esteem, and to those who do not have many real friends. These one-sided relationships can possibly help them become more social to other people as well. Celebrity obsession should not be dismissed completely because the celebrities can become positive role models for the growth of people and the obsession can also assist people with social difficulties. However, it is evident that people are becoming more and more obsessed with media now than ever before and it is becoming a major problem. With the advancement of media technology, the accessibility of celebrity news is easier than ever before. Psychologically, our brains are programmed to instinctively respect or idolize someone who seems to be of a higher class and since celebrities attract attention we unconsciously believe they are of a higher class, which leads to celebrities having a major influence in people as well as people following the way celebrities act in their personal life. The fact that nowadays celebrity gossip is a necessity to be fit in is also another negative aspect of celebrity obsession, which leads to using cosmetic surgeries as an option. Bibliography Abraham, Anisha and Diana Zuckerman, â€Å"Adolescents, Celebrity Worship, and Cosmetic Surgery† Journal of Adolescent Health, November 2011,  www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X11003028 Furst, Jessica. â€Å"Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities? Our DNA Provides a Clue.† Daily Banter, June 27th 2013,  http://thedailybanter.com/2013/06/why-are-we-obsessed-with-celebrities-our-dna-provides-a-clue/ Gray, Keturah. â€Å"Celebrity Worship Syndrome Abounds.† ABC News, September 23rd, http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=101029 Park, Alice. â€Å"Celebrity Worship: Good for Your Health?† TIME Health Family, September 15th 2008, http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1841093,00.html Sifferlin, Alexandra. â€Å"Oscar Fixation: Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities?† TIME Health Family, February 27th 2012, http://healthland.time.com/2012/02/27/oscar-fixation-why-are-we-obsessed-with-celebrities/ Wikipedia Contributors, â€Å"List of Governors of California.† Wikipedia, November 6th 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_California [1] Merriam-webster.com. Celebrity Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. N. p., 2014 [2] Jessica Furst, â€Å"Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities? Our DNA Provides a Clue,† Daily Banter, June 27th 2013 [3] Alexandra Sifferlin, â€Å"Oscar Fixation: Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities?,† TIME Health Family, February 27th 2012 [4] Wikipedia Contributors, â€Å"List of Governors of California.† Wikipedia, November 6th 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_California [5] Keturah Gray, â€Å"Celebrity Worship Syndrome Abounds†, ABC News, September 23rd, http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=101029 [6] Alexandra Sifferlin, â€Å"Oscar Fixation: Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities?† TIME Health Family, February 27th 2012, http://healthland.time.com/2012/02/27/oscar-fixation-why-are-we-obsessed-with-celebrities/ [7] Anisha Abraham and Diana Zuckerman, â€Å"Adolescents, Celebrity Worship, and Cosmetic Surgery† Journal of Adolescent Health, November 2011, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X11003028 [8] Alice Park, â€Å"Celebrity Worship: Good for Your Health?† TIME Health Family, September 15th 2008, http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1841093,00.html